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TIME: Almanac 1990
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1990 Time Magazine Compact Almanac, The (1991)(Time).iso
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syria.4
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1991-04-11
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Economy
Overview: Syria's rigidly structured Bathist economy is turning
out roughly the same amount of goods in 1989 as in 1983, when the
population was 20% smaller. Economic difficulties are attributable,
in part, to severe drought in several recent years, costly but
unsuccessful attempts to match Israel's military strength, a falloff
in Arab aid, and insufficient foreign exchange earnings to buy
needed inputs for industry and agriculture. Socialist policy,
embodied in a thicket of bureaucratic regulations, in many instances
has driven away or pushed underground the mercantile and
entrepreneurial spirit for which Syrian businessmen have long been
famous. Two bright spots: a sizable number of villagers have
benefited from land redistribution, electrification, and other rural
development programs; and a recent find of light crude oil has
enabled Syria to cut back its substantial imports of light crude. A
long-term concern is the additional drain of upstream Euphrates water
by Turkey when its vast dam and irrigation projects are completed
toward the end of the 1990s.
GDP: $18.5 billion, per capita $1,540; real growth rate -2%
(1989 est.).
Inflation rate (consumer prices): 70% (1989 est.).
Unemployment rate: NA%.
Budget: revenues $NA; expenditures $3.2 billion, including
capital expenditures of $1.92 billion (1989).
Exports: $1.3 billion (f.o.b., 1988 est.); commodities--petroleum,
textiles, fruits and vegetables, phosphates; partners--Italy,
Romania, USSR, US, Iran, France.
Imports: $1.9 billion (f.o.b., 1988 est.); commodities--petroleum,
machinery, base metals, foodstuffs and beverages; partners--Iran,
FRG, USSR, France, GDR, Libya, US.
External debt: $5.3 billion in hard currency (1989 est.).
Industrial production: growth rate NA%.
Electricity: 2,867,000 kW capacity; 6,000 million kWh produced,
500 kWh per capita (1989).
Industries: textiles, food processing, beverages, tobacco,
phosphate rock mining, petroleum.
Agriculture: accounts for 27% of GDP and one-third of labor
force; all major crops (wheat, barley, cotton, lentils,
chickpeas) grown on rainfed land causing wide swings in
yields; animal products--beef, lamb, eggs, poultry, milk;
not self-sufficient in grain or livestock products.
Aid: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-81), $538 million;
Western (non-US) ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-87),
$1.0 billion; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $12.3 billion;
Communist countries (1970-88), $3.3 billion.
Currency: Syrian pound (plural--pounds); 1 Syrian pound
(LS) = 100 piasters.
Exchange rates: Syrian pounds (LS) per US$1--11.2250 (fixed
rate since 1987), 3.9250 (fixed rate 1976-87).
Fiscal year: calendar year.